The rights to language as a civil right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The rights to language as a civil right - Essay Example One of the rights provided under civil rights is the right to language. Human communication would be limited and impaired if language did not exist. Different languages are widely spoken because of the different racial, cultural, and national backgrounds of the different groups of people in the country. The rights to language, also known as linguistic human rights, allow a person to decide on their own accord what language or languages they prefer to use as a means of communication, whether publicly or privately. (Moraes 43) Language rights were first recognized as an international human right when they were included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. There is a distinction made between language rights and linguistic human rights. Language rights cover a wider range, and one can argue that all linguistic human rights are language rights, but not all language rights are linguistic human rights. Language rights are necessary basic human rights to ensure a dignified life, For example, the right of access to an official language. Linguistic human rights are not strictly essential human rights; they exist to improve on the basic human and civil basic right to language. They are above basic needs making them accessory rights under language rights (Moraes 47) The right to learn foreign languages is an example of linguistic human rights is. Individual linguistic rights are provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These are the Individual linguistic rights are applicable privately or publicly. According to Article 26 contained in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, â€Å"all people have the right to education with relevance to the language of medium of instruction, for example in the U.S., the Bilingual Education Act (BEA) of 1968 catered to students of Limited English Speaking Ability (LESA). The Bilingual Act, Title VI of the civil rights Act of 1964, was passed following the Civil Rights movement that peaked

Article Critique on “Black Hair” Essay Example for Free

Article Critique on â€Å"Black Hair† Essay This story discussed the life of a sixteen year old man who wanted to become independent in his life but does not know how to start. The protagonist of the story was the narrator. He showed his life in a blurred path where he could not able how to distinguish the facts and fictions of life. It means that he is still incapable of being a productive individual in his society because he himself could not understand how his life works in the general perspective of human nature. Though he knows how things work, he could not manage these things in normal and proper way. Because of this, the protagonist still need to learn from what is true, right, and wrong from everything that is beyond his reach so that there would be greater knowledge and self-esteem that would grow in his identity. Based on my reading in the whole story, I can say that the whole setup of the story tackles the issues and personal identity of the persona. He pitied himself because he did not know what he is doing in his surroundings. He does not know how to look for a right job, right home, and right place to go in his everyday living. This became the conflict of the story. Everything was focused in his ways and perspectives as neophyte in his journey of life. At the end of the story, he remained clueless with those things that he encountered even the coke machine where he could not find one when he is thirsty. The implication of the story is that the author showed the angst of a young man who seeks independence in the world of real life. When we are with our family, we could not feel the pressure of having a life. We always think of the better things that we could manage but through this story, we tend to realize how things work when we are already alone. It shows that life is always a cycle and a chosen ground. When we choose to ignore the things that we encounter during our early days, it would not give us the privilege to know what true life is because we are incapable of living – to understand and to learn things around us. Reference Soto, G. Black Hair pp. 296-302

WSH Management System with Legal Compliance

WSH Management System with Legal Compliance Coordinate WSH Management System with Legal Compliance Background of My organization GREATLAND(S)ENGINEERING PTE,LTD. COMPANY PROFILE GREATLAND(S)ENGINEERING PTE, LTD work with main-con SK Engineering construction In the Company was prequalified by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) of Singapore to undertake all major mass transit rail (MRT) system developments with undisclosed contract value. Within half a year, the Company has been awarded MRT contracts with total value exceeding 350Million Singapore Dollars by LTA. The company is also currently in the stage of participating in new and coming tenders for MRT projects East-West cable tunnel by LTA in Singapore. We boast a tradition of integrated project Company and technical expertise in the railway construction industry. Our unique blend of corporate culture, sound business strategies, experience, strong financial status and advance technology contributes to excellent results and the dynamism of the Company. Confidently offers the most cost-effective and efficient integral design and construction solutions to all our customers. Project name: East-West cable tunnel and project value 350 million dollars. Starting on December 2012 and complition on dec 2016. 1) Explain the WSH roles, responsibilities and authorities for any four (4) of employees that should be defined in the WSH Management System. (i) Project Manager/Senior Deputy Project Manager To Chair the Project Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) committee To lead, execute and implement the SHEMS (SHE Management System) To implement Company’s corporate safety programs and procedures To ensure the provision of safe and healthy working environment for all staff To ensure that all statutory requirement, codes of practice and company’s safety rules and regulations are complied with To oversee performance of sub-contractors and ensure that they comply with legal requirements and safety standards To review safety issues and recommendations for improvement on safety To develop and maintain close liaison and regular communication with relevant statutory authorities To conduct regular inspection and audit on the safety provisions on site To establish and maintain a positive safety climate on the project site To ensure the WSH Committee carries out investigations recommendations for any incident, accident, near miss or dangerous occurrence that such actions are recorded (ii) WSH Officer Assist in the implementation of the site’s workplace safety and health environmental programmes Assist in identifying and assessing any foreseeable risk arising from the workplace or work processes therein To recommend reasonably practicable measures to eliminate, minimize or control any foreseeable risk to any person who is at work in the workplace or may be affected by other work processes in the workplace Assist to implement the approved Safe Work Method Statement and Risk Assessment Exercise general supervision and inspection of the observance of the provisions of the WSH Act and any regulations made thereafter Advise site management on legal environment, health and safety requirement and company safety procedures To monitor performance of sub-contractors ensure their compliance with legal requirements safety standards To update management on new changes in legal requirements relating to workplace safety and health Organise safety programme and activities to promote safe conduct of workers To investigate all incidents/accidents or dangerous occurrences recommend means to prevent recurrences Report and liaise with the management, relevant authorities on inspection, audit and other safety, health and environment issues Serve as the secretary in the site WSH committee (iii) WSH Coordinator/WSH supervisors Conduct daily inspection and act on unsafe acts and conditions Train and monitor workers safe work practices Maintain and monitor safety records and checklist To assist in the investigation of accidents/incident/dangerous occurrences recommend remedial actions, if necessary To liaise with authorities subcontractors on WSH matters Assist in identifying any unsafe condition / unsafe act recommend / implement reasonable practicable measures to correct the situation Monitor the conduct of daily toolbox meetings and Job Safety Analysis briefings Act as assistant secretary of the site WSH committee (iv) Engineers To be in-charge of overall structural work and inspection To comply with all legal safety requirements and company safe work procedures To conduct regular inspection and audits on the safety provisions on site Supervise and ensure subcontractors comply with legal safety requirements and safety standards Ensure that the approved Safe Work Method Statement and Risk Assessment are implemented by subcontractors and all employees. To participate in safety talks, toolbox meetings and briefings To report any incidents, assist in investigation. Rectify unsafe conditions and correct unsafe act promptly on site. Attend safety meetings to contribute to a safe working environment 2) Identify at least three (3) stakeholders relevant to the chosen work and explain how the WSH roles, responsibility and authorities would be communicated to the stakeholders. 3) Describe three WSH management system in used in workplace and explain any five (5)elemaents of theWSH management system in detail and how your organization implement it. Safety training – it is necessary to equip workers at all level with knowledge, skills and attitude so that they can perform their job in a safely manner. Its is also necessary to establish procedures to identify traning needs and provide adequate safety training to all levels. Records of training should also be documented and maintained at all times. In- house safety rules and regulations – it needs to be established and enforced to ensure all working personnel know their roles and responsibilities in safety that they need to comply e.g. proper use of PPE, operation and maintenance of machinery and equipment, proper handling and storage of hazardous materials and reporting of hazards and incident. Incident investigation and analysis – it is to establish the cause of incidents and to prevent recurrence of the incidents. Procedures to identify, record, investigate and analyse incidents should be established and maintained so that corrective actions can be implemented to prevent recurrence of incidents. Five (5) Elements of theWSH management system Risk Assessment /Hazards analysis Safe work practices Safety promotion Safety inspctions Emergency preparedness 4) Identify resources required for the implementation of WSH management. Resources required for implementation of WSH management may include; Human resources (manpower) Financial resources Equipment and tools allocation Space allocation Specialised skills Scheduling of implementation 5) By means of a flow chat, explain how You coordinate and document a management review on WSH Management System and illustrate types of record to be documented for Management review Management meeting – during the meeting, all the relevant stakeholders will be issued a copy of the WSH management system for review. Pre start meeting – during the pre start meeting, the WSH personnal would present the slides on the respective elements of the WSH Management System to all the stakeholders involved. Safety induction course – during the SIC, all stakeholders would be briefed on the implementation of the WSH Management System on site. Toolbox Meeting Record: 6) Prepare all legal register for your workplace 7) Explain how your workplace procedure for checking organizational compliance with applicable WSH legal and other requirement. Organization should document and maintain records of safety training provided for all working personnel in the organisation. Training records may include; Personnel who are provided with training. These include employees as well as sub – contractor’s employees. Duration of training Schedule of training including date and time of training, topics, trainers and details of assessments. Sequence of training includes the order in which training content, activities and how assessment is conducted. Type of training include skills based, knowledge based and target of training whether for workers, supervisor or managers. Trainer’s particulars including their competency and experience in the training topics 8) List of Communication channels at your workplace to reach out to Stakeholders Communication channels Toolbox meeting WSH committee meeting Work progress meeting Management meeting Technical meeting WSH training WSH Inspection Repots Feedback Email Safety poster Newsletters Phone calls 9) Explain how you Coordinate compliance audit for your workplace Arranging the schedule e.g. date of audit, duration of audit, start time of the audit, plant to conduct the audit and scope of the audit. Engaging a competent auditor e.g consultant or Auditing Agencies. Conducting the meeting e.g. opening the meeting, discuss the audit programme with the introduction of auditor and auditees, familiarisation tour at the site process and site utilization plan, verification of effective implementation SHMS involving reviewing of documents, procedures and records, interviewing of personnel and phyisical inspection, evaluation of audits findings and exit the meeting.

Sears Holdings Corp. (SHLD) SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces Analysi

Our recommendation is to take Sears Holdings Corp. (SHLD) private through a private equity buyout. After doing so, we recommend implementing a centralized management structure and recruiting retail-savvy executives for the upper management team. We then recommend focusing on increasing value by capitalizing on SHLD’s real estate holdings through leasing agreements and increasing partnerships with complementary enterprises. Also, we recommend improving employee retention rates and retaining exclusive rights to private brands. Finally, we recommend focusing on a long-term strategy to continue to maximize SHLD’s ecommerce platforms. We believe these recommendations will lead to long-term stability through increases in customer base and revenues and decreases in overhead costs. Strengths One of SHLD’s main strengths is its proprietary brands such as Diehard, Kenmore, Craftsman, and Lands’ End because these brands have a great amount of customer loyalty and repeat customers. Another one of our strengths is our vast pool of valuable real estate assets. These assets enable SHLD to generate continuous revenue through leasing agreements and a safety net in a liquidity crunch. Additionally, â€Å"mygofer† and â€Å"Shop Your Way† programs account for more than 60% of revenues for Sears and Kmart stores. These loyalty programs have created a strong and loyal member base who provide repeat business for SHLD. Lastly, Sears Holdings’ has been around for over a hundred years and thus has an established brand name within the discount retail sector. Weaknesses One of SHLD’s weaknesses is an upper management team who lacks knowledge of the retail sector and fails to communicate effectively across business units. A second weakness is the de... ...uch Does It Cost Companies to Lose Employees?" CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 21 Nov. 2012. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. McSherry, Mark. "70 Billion Reasons For A Public Company To Go Private." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. Santoli, Michael. "Sears Grows on the Web – but Can It Shrink Fast Enough Offline?" Yahoo Finance. Yahoo!, 22 Aug. 2013. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. "Sears Selling Craftsman at Costco, Will Kenmore Soon Follow?" Sears Selling Craftsman at Costco, Will Kenmore Soon Follow? Consumer Reports, 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2013 Tekippe, Abraham. "How Kraft, McDonald's, Sears Are Doing Social Media Right." Crain's Chicago Business. Crain, 2 Jan. 2012. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. Young, Chris. "Employee Retention Strategies Drive Revenue Growth at Sears." Employee Retention Strategies Drive Revenue Growth at Sears. Street Directory, n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.

Michael Vick

  Psychological references of a personality can be correlated to each individual that resides on this earth.   Although some can be compared to others in terms of habitual actions through classifications, each personality interpretation is unique.   Personality classifications can be deemed as a selective grouping of traits that each individual acquires as a result of personal experiences, environmental influences, and category habitual traits.   These groups or categories each align one’s characteristics, thus organizing each person into a class or rank based upon traits identified by each grouping or classification.Thus far, 6 theories have been formulated to specify each personality trait including, humanistic, behavioral and social learning, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytical, and biological.   Each of these theoretical sects preserves the understanding of an individual’s actions as well as the identification of behavioral factors and qualities.   M any everyday people have undergone such evaluations in order to indentify, sort, and interpret personal behavior, however such theories are being examined in the lives of many high profile celebrities.For example, the latest bouts of strange behavior of Brittney Spears have also undergone these theories during the present custody battle with her former husband, Kevin Fedderline. Shaving her head along with her peculiar performance at the MTV movie awards have additionally undergone scrutiny.   Although Britney’s behavior has been rumored the result of substance abuse instead of personality flaws, many physiological theories has thus been applied in an attempt to explain the reasoning behind her actions.Moreover, football star Michael Vick has undergone a serious career adjustment only months ago after he was convicted of dog fighting charges.   Psychological personality theories can also be applied in order to understand the logic behind his recent actions.Although his ca reer seemingly ended earlier than expected, Michael Vick was not always in the bright spotlight that shined upon his career for so many years. Born in Newport News, Virginia, 1960, to then 16 year-old Brenda Vick and 17 year-old Michael Boddie, Michael Dwayne Vick was always responsible for his siblings while his father attempted to maintain a steady job.   Michael Boddie only served 2 years in the military before finally finding a steady job at the local ship yards as a painter.However, in Mr. Boddie’s spare time, he always reintegrated the discipline of football into his son, thus attaining Michael Vicks’ deep passion for the sport. After a rash of disciplinary issues as school, Michael â€Å"Ookie† Vick was forced to incorporate an extra-curricular activity into his schedule, thus he chose football. During his constructive varsity career at Warwick High School, Vick earned a scholarship to Virginia Tech.   Soon after a successful career at Virginia Tech, Vick was deemed one of the most sought after college quarterbacks in the entire United States, thus earning him a spot in the Atlanta Falcons lineup.During this time, The Atlanta Falcons had only advanced to the playoffs a total of 6 times; therefore they were attempting to acquire a team player whom could aid the team in accomplishing their feat in the Super Bowl.  Ã‚   Vick signed on for a six year contract totaling $62 million along with a $15 million sign on bonus.   Although then coach, Dan Reeves, only had intentions of orchestrating Vick from the sidelines of his rookie year, his impressive performance during training camp earned an early route to the field.   During his career since the start of 2001, Vick has proved to be an essential sect of the Falcons team (Black Book Partners, 2007).However, since his formal guilty plea in illegal dog fights, Vick has proved to be a tremendous loss to the Falcons dream team. â€Å"One of the most spectacular falls from grace in t he history of American sport was sealed yesterday as star quarterback Michael Vick formally pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and involvement in dog-fighting, that could see him jailed for a year or more†¦Vick had been one of the biggest stars of the National Football League, a quarterback of explosive speed and phenomenal throwing power. He was in the middle of a record-breaking $137m (68.5m), 10- year contract with the Falcons, not to mention a host of lucrative endorsement deals† (Cornwell,   August 2007).   Since his recent indefinite expulsion from the NFL in the later portion of 2007, the Atlanta Falcons have only attained 3 wins, and have consequentially ended their once always sold out games.   In early December, Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison with a projected release date of summer 2009.Although there are 6 sects of trait theory, Vick’s actions can only be interpreted under the Social-Cognitive Theory.   Under this theory, internal and external factors influence an individual, not either or.   This theory is also called the reciprocal theory because each factor, internal and external, corresponds with each other, not separately.   All Psych noted that  in his classic experiment, Bandura (1965) looked at the behavior of children after watching a model on TV perform aggressive acts.   The children were divided into three groups; model rewarded, model punished, and no consequence, referring to the outcome of these aggressive acts.As he expected, all of the children were able to perform the aggressive acts even though they had never performed them or been rewarded for them in the past.   However, those who witnessed the aggressive model being punished exhibited less aggressive acts themselves in the play time that followed. (AllPsych, 2004). Bandura reintegrated the thought that people not only react to personal feelings or inhibitions, but that they also act upon outside influences.   These influence s could range from television, friends, family or even things witnessed in the workplace.Realistically, in correlation to Michael Vick’s dog fighting offences, others were involved in the case, including friends and family.   Vick admitted to brutally killing at least 8 dogs either during or after the fights, however, others that were involved in the gambling and actual dog fights themselves did not take responsibility for their actions during the ordeal.   This leaves on to suspect if Vick himself was solely responsible for the fights or if others influenced him to do so because of his celebrity stature and ability to gain discretion for the events.During his childhood, any actions of violence or extreme cases of anger can not be pinpointed, therefore, psychologically, the visibility of these bouts of aggression that were taken out in the form of dog fighting is not rational.   In addition, Cornwell also suggests that â€Å"Like cock-fighting (which Louisiana, inciden tally, became the last state to ban a few weeks ago), dog-fighting has been around here for generations, at least since the early 19th century and probably before that. Blame those early British colonists and the popularity of the pastime back home in the old country. For a long time, it was above all a rural pursuit, entrenched in the South and in the Mid-Atlantic States, where the Vick case occurred† (July 2007).This also correlates with the Social-Cognitive Theory hence its environmental influence on the act.   Although most individuals perceive the violence of the fights as cruel, this type of behavior is a cultural issue which customarily prevails in the south.   In American culture, dog fights just as cock fights have dated back to the early colonization of the United States, therefore preserving the earliest forms of sportsmanship.   Other issues lie behind the dog fighting that Vick pled guilty to such as the gambling ring, which suggests that Vick orchestrated t he financial bets and racketeering that also prevailed; moreover, it appears that outside influences instead of sole internal desires influenced Vicks decisions.In conclusion, many high-profile celebrities have risen to the charts not because of their efforts towards charity, but for their outrageous behavior.   One of these authoritative figures is Michael Vick.   Although he was raised with small town values which ultimately earned him the spot as the most invasive quarterbacks of his time, he consequentially succumbed to internal and external pressures that have now landed him 23 months in prison.   The type of theory that can be applied to his behavior, Social-Cognitive, explains the nature behind his ludicrous conduct.Social-Cognitive behavior can be classified as the integration of both internal and external factors such as environment and self-indulgence that causes one to act in a certain manner.   Many studies have been conducted such as that of Bandura, which conse quentially supports the theory.   The theory behind behaviors such as that depicted by Michael Vick should be further analyzed in order to broaden the spectrum of understanding.   Affirmative and destructive aspects of the Social-Cognitive theory apply.For instance, theoretically, the Social-Cognitive trait theory can supplement one’s actions for external factors.   This can be affirmative or negative in the sense that this allows an individual to focus on the outside influences instead of logical thinking and reason.   Additionally, this theory allows psychologist to properly analyze and represent individuals when facing legal actions against them.   In demonstrating the analytical properties of an individual’s mind set, fair sentencing can be given in correlation to psychological facets of the law and societal influence.WORKS CITEDAll Psych. (2004). Personality Synopsis Chapter 8: Learning Theory Section 5: Social Cognitive Theory.   Retrieved December 13 , 2007, from http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/social_cognitive.htmlBlack Book Partners. (2007). Michael Vick. Retrieved December 13, 2007, fromhttp://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Vick/Vick_bio.htmlCornwell, R. (2007, July 22). The football superstar and the dog-fighting ring.The London Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_200705/ai_n19388909Cornwell, R. (2007, August 28).   Vick faces jail after admitting dog fights.   TheLondon Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070828/ai_n20523470

Agesim 3

Thompson, 2006,comments that it is important â€Å"that due regard is given to questions of good practice in working with older people-that is, to the development of anti-ageist practice. † The Author will now discuss the above with particular attention drawn to Ageist &Anti-Ageist practice. The Theoretical framework applicable to aging & its implications on policy & practice within social care work with elderly people. Hughes & Mtezuka (1992) describes ageism as â€Å"the social process through which negative images of & attitudes towards older people, based solely on the characteristics of old age itself, result in discrimination. The Author whilst researching this topic came across various forms of ageist practices solely for the purpose of this essay several have been selected to briefly discuss. Firstly stereotyping all elderly people with less favourable assumptions such as â€Å"All elderly people are Dependent on Society. † â€Å"Ageism has the effect of under mining a sense of dignity and the self-esteem which partly depends on it. Ageism marginalizes, excludes and demoralises. †(Thompson, 2006. In Contrast with an Anti-Ageist practice where an assessment is recommended and an intervention is then put in place based on this assessment rather than on assumptions. According to Thompson â€Å"A key task within a programme of developing anti-ageist practice must therefore be the promotion of dignity and the enhancement of self-esteem-counterbalance to the prevalence of negative stereotypes. † A very Common Drawback in Ageist practice with social care workers is the applying of Medical terminology such as â€Å"treatment† and â€Å"diagnosis†. Whereas a less ageist approach would be in the utilization of social care terminology such as â€Å"Interventions† and â€Å"Assessments†, which have less of an impact on the Elderly persons Self-esteem and Self-Image, where becoming elderly is viewed as another stage in life rather than associated with illnesses such as strokes, heart attacks and deafness. A very visible Ageist practice is one, which was developed by the welfare state. Higgs (1998) discusses the welfare States role in producing or at least, reinforcing what can be described as â€Å"structured dependency. This is very evident in the implementing of the compulsory retirement age of 65 in Ireland, which Gerontologists categorize as â€Å"young old. † Where citizens lose their independence of earning and now rely on social funding and savings. For many elderly people reaching this retirement age can have various implications to their self-esteem and self worth. Social policies like so can be very exclusive, as Elderly people don’t have a voice when they can retire. However an Anti-Ageist practice is promoting interdependency & avoidance of a dependency nature and a change in exclusive ageist policies. The retirement age in England is to be abolished in October 2011 according to Age UK who campaigned for anti age discrimination legislation for four years a step, which would be welcomed in Ireland to abolish ageism and ageist practices. As Phillipson (1989) puts it: â€Å"Fostering the idea of interdependency needs, then, to become part of a new radical philosophy for work with older people. It provides recognition of the help older people need from us, as well as the rewards to be gained from giving this help. It also reminds us of the skills possessed by older people and the resources these might provide for activities and campaigns within the community. † Another familiar form of Ageist practice is the use of de-personalising terms. Terms of which are used in a very innocent manner but can be patronising towards elderly people. Examples of such terms are â€Å"Old dears† or â€Å"How are the girls? † when addressing elderly women, suggesting they are childlike which the Author will discuss later on. To avoid this Ageist practice a more Anti-Ageist practice should be adapted with more awareness of the use of language used when addressing elderly people. Lastly as briefly pointed out previously is the adaptation of Infantilisation within the ageist practice. Here Social care workers see Elderly people as if they are children with the rise of elderly abuse social care workers now see a strong need for protection however the ageist risk that comes with this is that elderly peoples decision making capacity is now looked at and within an ageist practice there voice is not heard. Norman (1987) once said â€Å"we deny them, as we deny children, the right to take responsibility for heir sexuality, their behaviour and their risk taking. † The Author shall now explore various theories in aging and how they impact on policy and practice in social care work with older people. The first theory to explore is that of Erikson 1992 is the last stage in his lifespan development this stage is â€Å"Ego Integrity v Despair. † This is experienced according to Erikison is at the later stage of adulthood 60 and over when the older person â⠂¬Å"experiences an increasing awareness of their limits of time-a realization of inevitable, impending death. () Which in turn creates a final life crisis where she reflects back on her life at what she has achieved and what she had failed to. Failure to achieve Ego Integrity causes the individual to experience feelings of anxiety hopelessness and despair. However it is said, â€Å"Those who use their growing capacity for philosophical reflection to achieve a degree of self satification are less fearful of death†(Bee, 2006. ) Havighursts anti-ageist Activity theory 1940 then in contrast to Erikison theory is based around denying aging for as long as possible and keeping active in the later stages of adulthood. Within the context of this theory, activity can be viewed broadly as physical or intellectual. Therefore, even with illness or advancing age, the older person can remain â€Å"active† and achieve a sense of life satification†() Cumming and henrys Disengagem ent theory of the 1960s is an ageist theory, which is focused around scaling down the elderly persons life. The question here to be asked is who disengages from whom is it the society disengages from the elderly person? Does the elderly person consciously decide to disengage or is it factors out of their reach, which causes society to disengage. Returning to again the compulsory retirement age society disengages from people age 65 and older in the work place. â€Å"Continuity theory is a theory of continuous adult development and adaptation. Adult development and aging, including the evolution of various components of the self, occur in the context of particular social structures†() This theory greatly contradicts the other theory’s where the lderly person is to come to terms with what they had achieved and failed, the immense of death, to deny aging and lastly disengage and scale down there life. However this theory suggests elderly people are just continuing living there life’s whether they were highly involved in the community or where passive and satisfied with there own company. However ageist practices and attitudes prohibit such where the elderly person is seen as vulnera ble, childlike, ill and taught to take the disengagement theory or Erikisons model to scale down ones life. Therefore the Author Concludes this essay where she has pointed out the importance thatâ€Å"due regard is given to questions of good practice in working with older people-that is, to the development of anti-ageist practice† over ridding ageist theorists assumptions of elderly people in today’s society. The Author has clearly pointed out visible ageist practices but has contrasted these with the appropriated anti-ageist practices. In addition to this the Author has explored theories in aging and has given several examples on how these theories impact on policy and practice in social care work with older people.